{"id":232,"date":"2023-09-01T08:40:35","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T08:40:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/?p=232"},"modified":"2024-01-30T17:51:17","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T17:51:17","slug":"unpacking-s-z-and-ts-in-german","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/?p=232","title":{"rendered":"Unpacking \/s\/, \/z\/, and \/ts\/ in German"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>German is a favorite language for many spellers, both due to its cool-looking words and the fact that it has simpler spelling rules than other languages like French. Vowel sounds are more straightforward, and while the letters might not make the same sounds they do in English, the patterns tend to be more consistent. However, there are some confusing patterns to unpack in German, with a key one being the sounds \/s\/, \/z\/, and \/ts\/. Here&#8217;s a quick guide to understanding the rules for spelling these sounds in German derived words.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you hear the \/s\/ sound:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At the beginning of the word, your best bet is &#8216;s&#8217;. Examples include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/sapsago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sapsago<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0397765597_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/sauerbraten\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sauerbraten<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1076144078_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/siemens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">siemens<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0746289513_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the middle of a word, a better guess is &#8216;ss&#8217;, as in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/Bewusstseinslage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bewusstseinslage<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1767952085_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/medical\/Neisseria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Neisseria<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1233508820_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/massig\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">massig<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1164075144_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/disselboom\">disselboom<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1696634916_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Same goes for the end of the word, like in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/edelweiss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">edelweiss<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1684104611_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/gneiss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">gneiss<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0398264969_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/klaberjass\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">klaberjass<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1712550417_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/pfeffernuss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pfeffernuss<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1379789015_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The \/z\/ sound is where it gets trickier. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At the beginning of a German word, it can be spelled &#8216;s&#8217; or &#8216;z&#8217;. \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Before the letter &#8216;i&#8217;, it is always spelled with a &#8216;z&#8217;, such as in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zinc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zinc<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0673383981_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zinnia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zinnia<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0585360142_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Before an &#8216;e&#8217;, &#8216;z&#8217; is the best spelling, as in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zeunerite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zeunerite<\/a> (audio) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zeppelin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zeppelin<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0821736420_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), except in the word <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/seidel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">seidel<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0445142599_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), though that has an alternate pronunciation beginning with the \/s\/ sound. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When preceding the letter &#8216;a&#8217;, &#8216;z&#8217; is used for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zaftig\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zaftig<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0263706456_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zander\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zander<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0854154509_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), while everything else is spelled with an &#8216;s&#8217;. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Before an &#8216;o&#8217;, a &#8216;z&#8217; is the optimal choice in all words except for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/sorge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sorge<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1035933509_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And finally, before a &#8216;u&#8217; &#8211; there&#8217;s just one word beginning with &#8216;z&#8217; and followed by &#8216;u&#8217; that starts with the \/z\/ sound, and it&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zuurveldt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zuurveldt<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1190677450_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meanwhile, in the middle of the word, &#8216;s&#8217; is pretty much always a good guess, like in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/nachtmusik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nachtmusik<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1471398127_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/klebsiella\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Klebsiella<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1011614570_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/schonfelsite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">schonfelsite<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0728790242_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, the \/ts\/ sound:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When it shows up at the beginning, it&#8217;s generally spelled with a &#8216;z&#8217; &#8211;  similar to Italian. Examples include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zugzwang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zugzwang<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1091875440_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zauberflote\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zauberflote<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0061004155_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/zeitgeist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zeitgeber<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0741131717_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/Zollverein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zollverein<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0455967695_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the middle, both &#8216;tz&#8217; and &#8216;z&#8217; show up, though &#8216;tz&#8217; is much more common. Some words with &#8216;tz&#8217; are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/blitzkrieg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blitzkrieg<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0840047776_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/blintze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blintze<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0611019841_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/blintze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">katzenjammer<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0131693083_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/howitzer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">howitzer<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0707673014_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). Other words, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/erzahler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Erzahler<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1217075958_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/kreuzer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kreuzer<\/a> (audio), are examples of the use of &#8216;z&#8217;. An exception to be conscious of is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/Alzheimer%27s%20disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alzheimer&#8217;s disease<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1151658768_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At the end, the same rules apply as in the middle, with &#8216;tz&#8217; once again being more common and appearing in words like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/klutz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">klutz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0804389320_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/breitschwantz\">breitschwantz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0624362966_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/waltz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">waltz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1621303664_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/ersatz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ersatz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/1480488111_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/spritz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">spritz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0213764357_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>). Meanwhile, &#8216;z&#8217; appears in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/krummholz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Krummholz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0730118418_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/fahlerz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fahlerz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0183605833_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/existenz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">existenz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0267892978_1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/fackeltanz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fackeltanz<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/spellableaudio.s3.amazonaws.com\/0159663408_2.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">audio<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Happy studying!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>German is a favorite language for many spellers, both due to its cool-looking words and the fact that it has simpler spelling rules than other languages like French. Vowel sounds are more straightforward, and while the letters might not make the same sounds they do in English, the patterns tend to be more consistent. However,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-word-patterns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=232"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":308,"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions\/308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.mightywords.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}